War Customs Waxóbe K'iⁿ Yegóji Kaáⁿze abá jóbabe-dáⁿ, níka míⁿxci ts'ábe-dáⁿ, zaníⁿ gistóbe-gó, dodáⁿ ayé-hnaⁿbe ao. yegóji now m599 Kaáⁿze Kansas m240 abá the (sub.) m016 jóbabe-dáⁿ being few m236 m049 m085 níka man m350 míⁿxci one m317 m551 ts'ábe dies m004 m506 m049 -dáⁿ when m085 zaníⁿ all m629 gistóbe assemble m004 m130 m482 m049 -gó when m136 dodáⁿ war m093 ayé-hnaⁿbe they usually go m010 m004 m592 m179 m049 ao . m031 Now, as the Kansas are few, when a man dies, all assemble and go on the warpath. Hósaságe ts'e oyóyaha ts'agézhiⁿga abá dodáⁿhaⁿga yiⁿkhé agúayábe ao. Hósaságe Hósasage m003 ts'e dead m004 m506 oyóyaha as soon as m398 m145 ts'agézhiⁿga old man m505 abá the (mv. Sub.) m016 dodáⁿhaⁿga war captain m093 m158 yiⁿkhé the (an. ob.) m613 agúayabe went for him m011 m005 m010 m004 m142 m004 m592 m049 ao . m031 As soon as Hósasage died, the old men went after the war captain. Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá gágabe aó: Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 gágabe said as follows m105 m005 m004 m130 m169 m049 aó : m031 Paháⁿle Gáxli said as follows: "Howé, nánuóⁿba wakáⁿdagi blúze-tá-miⁿkhe aó. howé yes, m193 nánuoⁿba pipe m342 wakáⁿdagi mysterious m005 m524 blúze-tá-miⁿkhe I will take m005 m052 m628 m485 m322 aó . m031 "Yes, I will take the sacred pipe. Waxóbe idábe blúze-tá-miⁿkhe aó." waxóbe sacred bag m536 idábe also m209 blúze-tá-miⁿkhe I will take m005 m052 m628 m485 m322 aó . m031 I will also take the sacred bag." Wakáⁿda akhá agúbe ao. Wakáⁿda Wakáⁿda m523 akhá the (sub.) m024 agúbe was returning m010 m004 m142 m049 ao . m031 Wakáⁿda returned home, … Akhíbe-dáⁿ háⁿba ahúbe ao. akhíbe he got home m010 m004 m252 m049 -dáⁿ when m085 háⁿba day m157 ahúbe was coming m010 m004 m194 m049 ao . m031 … reaching it as day was coming. Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá yuzábe-dáⁿ ijé íyoⁿbe ao, wakáⁿdagi yuzábe ao, ts'agézhiⁿga itábe gághabe ao, názhozhe. Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 yuzábe took it m005 m004 m628 m049 -dáⁿ when m085 ijé face m214 íyoⁿbe put clay on m202 m004 m616 m049 ao . m031 wakáⁿdagi mysterious thing m005 m524 yuzábe took m005 m004 m628 m049 ao . m031 ts'agézhiⁿga old men m505 itábe theirs m200 m223 m049 gághabe he did m005 m004 m107 m049 ao . m031 názhozhe fasting m004 m344 Paháⁿle Gáxli took the mysterious objects, and put clay on his face. He performed the ceremony of the ancients, fasting. Háⁿba go, Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá nánuóⁿba wakáⁿdagi yuzábe-dáⁿ ts'é khéta ayábe ao. háⁿba day m157 go when m136 Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 nánuóⁿba pipe m342 wakáⁿdagi mysterious m005 m524 yuzábe took m005 m004 m628 m049 -dáⁿ when m085 ts'é dead m004 m506 khéta to the (ob.) m250 m488 ayábe went m010 m004 m592 m049 ao . m031 At day, he [Paháⁿle Gáxli] took the pipe and went to the house of the dead. Ts'é khe zhíⁿheyábe ao. ts'é dead m004 m506 khe the (ob.) m250 zhíⁿheyábe was caused to recline m643 m005 m004 m586 ao . m031 They laid out the corpse. Ts'é khé e paháⁿle huwáli gikháⁿbe ao. ts'é dead m004 m506 khé the (ob.) m250 e that m101 paháⁿle before m404 huwáli very much m196 m515 gikháⁿbe he wept for him m005 m004 m130 m247 m049 ao . m031 First, he wept a great deal for the dead. Háshi chéji táⁿmaⁿlaⁿ okípace zaní wagíkhaⁿbe ao Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá. háshi after m165 chéji then m064 m235 táⁿmaⁿlaⁿ village m495 okípace divisions m662 zaní all m629 wagíkhaⁿbe condoled with them m509 m004 m130 m247 m049 ao . m031 Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 After that he [Paháⁿle Gáxli] condoled with all the gentes of the tribe. Wanághe ts'e khé Wakáⁿda akhá lúzabe ao; cí itá chéji xáya aláyiⁿ-alábe ao, ghagé alábe ao. wanághe ghost m530 ts'e dead m004 m506 khé the (ob.) m250 Wakáⁿda Wakáⁿda m523 akhá the (sub.) m024 lúzabe took his m005 m004 m131 m628 m049 ao . m031 cí house m074 itá his m200 m223 chéji to the m064 m235 xáya back m550 aláyiⁿ-alábe he took his back m009 m005 m004 m131 m000 m607 m010 m004 m275 m049 ao . m031 ghagé crying m004 m129 alábe went back m010 m004 m275 m049 ao . m031 Wakáⁿda, the old man, took the ghost from the body; he carried it back to the house, crying as he went. Aláyiⁿ-alábe go, dodáⁿ wayúlaⁿ dóba wagóⁿyabe ao Paháⁿle-gaxli akhá. aláyiⁿ-alábe he took his back m009 m005 m004 m131 m000 m607 m010 m004 m275 m049 go when m136 dodáⁿ war m093 wayúlaⁿ directors m507 m619 m272 dóba four m499 wagóⁿyabe desired them m509 m004 m139 m004 m573 m049 ao . m031 Paháⁿle-Gaxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 Then Paháⁿle Gáxli desired four men to act as directors of the expedition. Gayó Kíbaxla-hu yuzábe ao, paháⁿle. gayó and m127 Kíbaxla-Hu Kíbaxla Hu m003 yuzábe he took m005 m004 m628 m049 ao . m031 paháⁿle first m404 And he chose Kíbaxla Hu first. Zhiⁿgá-wasá owákhaⁿ yuzábe ao. Zhiⁿgá-Wasá Zhiⁿgá Wasá m003 owákhaⁿ the next m392 yuzábe he took m005 m004 m628 m049 ao . m031 Next he took Zhiⁿgá Wasá. Owákhaⁿ wéyabliⁿ Shóⁿmikáse yuzábe ao. owákhaⁿ the next m392 wéyabliⁿ the third m541 m576 shóⁿmikáse Wolf m458 yuzábe he took m005 m004 m628 m049 ao . m031 The third was Shóⁿmikase; … Wédoba Wáts'azhi yuzábe aó. wédoba the fourth m541 m499 Wáts'azhi Wáts'azhe m003 yuzábe he took m005 m004 m628 m049 aó . m031 … and the fourth was Wáts'azhe. Gayójidáⁿ dóba wáyiⁿbe ao, wáspe. gayójidáⁿ then m127 m235 m085 dóba four m499 wáyiⁿbe he had them m509 m009 m005 m004 m607 m049 ao . m031 wáspe still m511 m004 m004 m479 Then he had the four, who remained still. "Dóba zháⁿ-daⁿ dodáⁿ aⁿgáye-tábe ao," ábe aó níkashiⁿga dóba akhá é, wayúlaⁿ akhá e, … dóba four m499 zháⁿ sleep m635 -daⁿ when m085 dodáⁿ war m093 aⁿgáye-tábe let us go m028 m010 m592 m485 m049 ao . m031 ábe said m005 m004 m169 m049 aó . m031 níkashiⁿga persons m351 dóba four m499 akhá the (sub.) m024 é that m101 wayúlaⁿ directors m507 m619 m272 akhá the (sub) m024 e that m101 The four … said, "In four days let us go on the warpath." … Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá áⁿkazhi ao. Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 áⁿkazhi not so m161 m639 ao . m031 … (not Paháⁿle Gáxli) … "Dodáⁿhaⁿgá-e," ábe aó, zházhe itá … dodáⁿhaⁿgá-e O captain! m093 m158 m100 ábe said they m005 m004 m169 m049 aó . m031 zházhe name m638 itá his m200 m223 … saying, "O war captain (his title), … … "Dodáⁿhaⁿgá-e, dóba zháⁿ-daⁿ aⁿgáye-tábe ao, dodáⁿ," ábe ao céga oyágabe ao. Hao. dodáⁿhaⁿgá-e O captain! m093 m158 m100 dóba four m499 zháⁿ sleep m635 -daⁿ when m085 aⁿgáye-tábe let us go m028 m010 m592 m485 m049 ao . m031 dodáⁿ war m093 ábe they said m005 m004 m169 m049 ao . m031 céga new m005 m061 oyágabe they told him m372 m005 m004 m577 m049 ao . m031 hao ¶ m164 Then they addressed Paháⁿle Gáxli for the first time in their official capacity, saying, "O war captain … in four days let us go on the war path." Níkashiⁿga ézhi-ba ówayagábe ao, Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá. níkashiⁿga persons m351 ézhi-ba others m101 m639 m037 ówayagábe told him ao . m031 Paháⁿle-Gaxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 Then Paháⁿle Gáxli told the other persons who were present. "Níkawasa-é dóba zháⁿ-daⁿ dodáⁿ blé tá miⁿkhe ao," ábe ao céga. Hao. níkawasa-é O comrades! m352 m100 dóba four m499 zháⁿ sleep m635 -daⁿ when m085 dodáⁿ war m093 blé tá miⁿkhe I will go m052 m592 m485 m322 ao . m031 ábe he said m005 m004 m169 m049 ao . m031 céga new m005 m061 hao ¶ m164 "O comrades! In four days I will go on the war path." Gagó e aó. gagó e aó that was enough m108 m101 m031 Then ended the ceremonies at the house of the deceased. (Then all went home. See notes for what followed.) … Gagáⁿ-hnaⁿ é au. gagáⁿ-hnaⁿ é au. that was the end m000 … "Dodáⁿ hné-ta-dáⁿ wípaⁿ achí eyaó," ábe ao. dodáⁿ war m093 hné you go m178 m592 -ta-dáⁿ in order m485 m085 wípaⁿ I call you m547 m401 m046 achí I have come m008 m068 eyaó indeed m101 m001 m031 ábe he said m005 m004 m169 m049 ao . m031 The messenger said to each invited guest, "I have come to call you to go on the war path." "Howé, shoblé tá miⁿkhe aó," ábe ao, níka zaní égabe ao. howé yes m193 shoblé ta miⁿkhe I will go to you m453 m052 m592 m485 m322 ao . m031 ábe said they m005 m004 m169 m049 ao . m031 níka man m350 zaní every m629 égabe they said it to him m101 m005 m004 m130 m169 m049 ao . m031 And every man replied, "Yes, I will go to you." Gayó ahíbe ao, níka zaní Paháⁿle-gaxli cí itá éji ahíbe ao. gayó and m127 ahíbe they arrived m010 m004 m172 m049 ao . m031 níka man m350 zaní every m629 Paháⁿle-Gaxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 cí lodge m074 itá his m200 m223 éji at m101 m235 ahíbe they arrived m010 m004 m172 m049 ao . m031 Then all the men arrived at the lodge of Paháⁿle Gáxli. Dodáⁿ wayúlaⁿ dóba shke éji ahíbe aó. dodáⁿ war m093 wayúlaⁿ directors m507 m619 m272 dóba four m499 shke too m449 éji there m101 m235 ahíbe arrived m010 m004 m172 m049 aó . m031 The four directors of the expedition also arrived. Ahí-ba-dáⁿ Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá líyiⁿgábe ao. Hao. ahí they arrived m010 m004 m172 (a)ba-dáⁿ when m015 m085 Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 líyiⁿgábe took his seat suddenly m004 m287 m049 ao . m031 hao ¶ m164 Then Paháⁿle Gáxli suddenly took his seat. Waxóbe yuzé ta akhá eyaó. waxóbe sacred bag m536 yuzé ta akhá he was about to take m005 m004 m628 m485 m023 eyaó ineed m101 m001 m031 He was about to take the sacred bag. Íbache níkashiⁿga Háⁿga níkashiⁿga táⁿmaⁿ noⁿbá gagó yuskíbe ao, táⁿmaⁿ ézhi áⁿkabázhe ao. Íbache Íbache m003 níkashiⁿga men m351 Háⁿga Háⁿga m003 níkashiⁿga men m351 táⁿmaⁿ gens m494 noⁿbá two m361 gagó thus m108 yuskíbe collected m005 m004 m625 m049 ao . m031 táⁿmaⁿ gens m494 ézhi other m101 m639 áⁿkabázhe not they m161 m049 m639 ao . m031 The Íbache men and the Háⁿga (Táⁿga) men, were assembled, but the other gentes were absent. Gayó Ké shídozhiⁿga Xuyá shídozhiⁿga éyoⁿba óⁿhoⁿ wakáⁿdagi gághabe ao. gayó and m127 ké Turtle m245 shídozhiⁿga young man m443 Xuyá Eagle m570 shídozhiⁿga young man m443 éyoⁿba he too m101 m617 óⁿhoⁿ boiling m369 m005 m004 m187 wakáⁿdagi mysterious m005 m524 gághabe made m005 m004 m107 m049 ao . m031 Then a young man of the Turtle gens and one of the Eagle gens attended to the sacred boiling (for the feast). Gayó cúhabaska waxóbe obékhaⁿbe ao, íⁿhe-shábe yadábe ao, cedóⁿga páxiⁿ. gayó and m127 cúhabaska clam shell m077 waxóbe sacred m536 obékhaⁿbe was wrapped m369 m005 m005 m050 m049 ao . m031 Íⁿhe-Shábe Íⁿhe Shábe m003 yadábe called m005 m004 m574 m230 m049 ao . m031 cedóⁿga buffalo bull m060 m097 páxiⁿ hair of head m411 The sacred clam shell was wrapped in what was called the Íⁿhe Shábe, which was made of hair from the head of a buffalo bull. Gayó Xuyá shídozhiⁿga akhá íⁿhe-shábe khé Paháⁿle-gaxli yiⁿkhéji ayíⁿ ahíbe ao. gayó and m127 Xuyá Eagle m570 shídozhiⁿga young man m443 akhá the (sub.) m024 Íⁿhe-Shábe Íⁿhe Shábe m003 khé the (lg. ob.) m250 Paháⁿle-Gaxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 yiⁿkhéji to the (st. an. ob.) m613 m235 ayíⁿ ahíbe took it to him m009 m005 m004 m607 m010 m004 m172 m049 ao . m031 And the young man of the Eagle gens went after the Íⁿhe Shábe for Paháⁿle Gáxli. Xuyá shídozhiⁿga akhá íⁿhe-shábe kíihékiyabe ao. Xuyá Eagle m570 shídozhiⁿga young man m443 akhá the (sub.) m024 Íⁿhe-Shábe Íⁿhe Shábe m003 kíihekiyabe laid it down for him m254 m213 m005 m004 m254 m586 m049 ao . m031 He (the young man of the Eagle gens) placed it (the Íⁿhe Shábe) down before him. Alíⁿk'awáho yuzábe-dáⁿ paháⁿle wayóⁿbe ao. Alíⁿk'awáho Alíⁿk'awaho m003 yuzábe took it m005 m004 m628 m049 -dáⁿ when m085 paháⁿle first m404 wayóⁿbe sang m514 m004 m614 m049 ao . m031 Alíⁿk'awaho took it, and began to sing. Paháⁿle-gaxli akhá oxléxci wayóⁿbe ao. Paháⁿle-Gaxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 oxléxci very soon m394 wayóⁿbe sang m514 m004 m614 m049 ao . m031 Paháⁿle Gáxli sang very soon. Goyóje wayóⁿ-ba-daⁿ yushtáⁿbe-go, íⁿhe-shábe yutáyabe ao; cúhabaská waxóbe maⁿchéta yuzábe ao. goyóje then m659 wayóⁿ sang m514 m004 m614 (a)ba-daⁿ and m015 m085 yushtáⁿbe finished m005 m004 m619 m462 m049 -go when m136 Íⁿhe-Shábe Íⁿhe Shábe m003 yutáyabe pulled open m005 m004 m619 m498 m049 ao . m031 cúhabaská clam shell m077 m005 m473 waxóbe sacred m536 maⁿchéta within m296 m488 yuzábe took m005 m004 m628 m049 ao . m031 When they finished singing, Alíⁿk'awaho pulled open the Íⁿhe Shábe, and took out the clam shell, which was within. Yuzá-ba-daⁿ Paháⁿle-gáxli k'úbe ao, k'íⁿ-khiyábe ao. yuz(é) took it m005 m004 m628 (a)ba-daⁿ and m015 m085 Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 k'úbe gave it to him m005 m004 m266 m049 ao . m031 k'íⁿ-khiyábe made him carry it on his back m005 m004 m257 m005 m004 m253 m049 ao . m031 When Alíⁿk'awaho took it he gave it to Paháⁿle Gáxli, who put it on his back. Gayó níkashiⁿga zaní éji zháⁿbe ao. gayó and m127 níkashiⁿga man m351 zaní every m629 éji there m101 m235 zháⁿbe slept m004 m634 m049 ao . m031 Then all the men slept there. Nánuóⁿba waxóbe éji yashódabe ao zaní. nánuóⁿba pipe m342 waxóbe sacred m536 éji there m101 m235 yashódabe smoked m005 m004 m574 m455 m049 ao . m031 zaní every one m629 All smoked the war pipe. Shóⁿge shke ogílashkábe áshita shánakále lúzabe ao. shóⁿge horse m457 shke too m449 ogílashkábe fastened his m369 m005 m004 m131 m130 m574 m450 m049 áshita outside m032 shánakále saddle m436 lúzabe took his own m005 m004 m131 m628 m049 ao . m031 They had picketed their horses outside, and each one had taken his saddle … Cí che shánakále zaní ozhúbe ao. cí lodge m074 che the (std. ob.) m064 shánakále saddle m436 zaní all m629 ozhúbe put in m369 m005 m004 m648 m049 ao . m031 … each one had taken his saddle into the lodge. Dodáⁿ ayé ta akhá zaní éji zháⁿbe ao. dodáⁿ war m093 ayé ta akhá about to go m010 m004 m592 m485 m023 zaní every one m629 éji there m101 m235 zháⁿbe slept m004 m634 m049 ao . m031 All who were about to go on the war path slept there. Háⁿbawaská hú go, níkashiⁿga zaní maⁿyíⁿka yuzá-ba-dáⁿ ijé yiⁿkhé íyoⁿbe ao zaní. háⁿbawaská white of day m157 m005 m534 hú was coming m004 m194 go when m136 níkashiⁿga man m351 zaní every m629 maⁿyíⁿka clay m307 yuz(é) took m005 m004 m628 (a)ba-dáⁿ and m015 m085 ijé face m214 yiⁿkhé the (cv. ob.) m613 íyoⁿbe put clay on m202 m004 m616 m049 ao . m031 zaní every one m629 When the sky was getting light before sunrise, all the men took clay and rubbed it over their faces. Gayó cí maⁿchéta níkashiⁿga zaní onázhiⁿbe ao. gayó and m127 cí lodge m074 maⁿchéta within m296 m488 níkashiⁿga persons m351 zaní all m629 onázhiⁿbe they stood in it m369 m004 m343 m049 ao . m031 And all rose to their feet within the lodge. Zaní gashóⁿ ghagábe ao. zaní all m629 gashóⁿ so m118 ghagábe cried m004 m129 m049 ao . m031 They cried. Háⁿbawaská go, yashtáⁿbe ao, níaⁿbázhe. Hao. háⁿbawaská white of day m157 m005 m534 go when m136 yashtáⁿbe they ceased it m005 m004 m574 m462 m049 ao . m031 níaⁿbázhe they were silent m004 m347 m049 m639 hao ¶ m164 By the time that the sky was white, they ceased crying. Áshita ayábe ao zaní. áshita out m032 ayábe they went m010 m004 m592 m049 ao . m031 zaní all m629 All went out … Shóⁿge táⁿga náⁿkale zaní gághabe ao. shóⁿge horse m457 táⁿga big m005 m492 náⁿkale saddle m336 zaní all m629 gághabe made m005 m004 m107 m049 ao . m031 … and put the saddles on their horses. Gayó ágilíⁿbe ao zaní. gayó and m127 ágilíⁿbe sat on his m012 m005 m004 m131 m286 m049 ao . m031 zaní every one m629 They mounted them, and departed. Ayábe ao zaní. ayábe went m010 m004 m592 m049 ao . m031 zaní all m629 They mounted them, and departed. Ayá-ba-dáⁿ Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá hashixci (stress) ayábe ao. ay(é) they went m010 m004 m592 (a)ba-dáⁿ and m015 m085 Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 hashixci very far behind m165 m551 ayábe went m010 m004 m592 m049 ao . m031 Paháⁿle Gáxli kept very far behind the rest. Zaní ghagábe ao shié. zaní all m629 ghagábe cried m004 m129 m049 ao . m031 shié again m442 m101 All cried. Nízhuje gódamasíⁿ ahíbe ao. Nízhuje Arkansas R. m358 gódamasíⁿ on the other side m137 m309 ahíbe they arrived m010 m004 m172 m049 ao . m031 They reached the other (western) side of the Arkansas River. Nízhuje gódamasíⁿ ahíbe go, zaní shóⁿge oyúdaⁿ-bá-daⁿ oyúsiⁿbe ao. Hao. Nízhuje Arkansas R. m358 gódamasíⁿ on the other side m137 m309 ahíbe they arrived m010 m004 m172 m049 go when m136 zaní all m629 shóⁿge horse m457 oyúdaⁿ reined in m369 m005 m004 m619 m086 (a)ba-daⁿ and m015 m085 oyúsiⁿbe alighted m369 m004 m624 m049 ao . m031 hao ¶ m164 Then they reined in their horses, and alighted. Oyúsiⁿ-bá-daⁿ Paháⁿle-gáxli akhá cúhabaská wakáⁿdagi yuzá-ba-daⁿ … oyúsiⁿ they alighted m369 m004 m624 (a)bá-daⁿ and m015 m085 Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 akhá the (sub.) m024 cúhabaská clam shell m077 m005 m473 wakáⁿdagi mysterious m005 m524 yuz(é) took m005 m004 m628 (a)ba-daⁿ and m015 m085 Then Paháⁿle Gáxli took the clam shell, … … dodáⁿ wayúlaⁿ dóba yaⁿkhá míⁿ k'íⁿkhiyábe ao. dodáⁿ war m093 wayúlaⁿ directors m507 m619 m272 dóba four m499 yaⁿkhá the ones m582 míⁿ one m317 k'íⁿkhiyábe he made carry it on his back m005 m004 m257 m005 m004 m253 m049 ao . m031 … and gave it to one of the four directors to carry on his back. Dodáⁿ wayúlaⁿ k'íⁿkhiye-dáⁿ gódahá aⁿgáya-bá-daⁿ, gaxá zhíⁿga míⁿ aⁿgócibe ao. dodáⁿ war m093 wayúlaⁿ director m507 m619 m272 k'íⁿkhiye he made carry it on his back m005 m004 m257 m005 m004 m253 -dáⁿ when m085 gódahá beyond m137 m145 aⁿgáy(e) we went m028 m010 m592 (a)bá-daⁿ and m015 m085 gaxá stream m122 zhíⁿga small m005 m641 míⁿ one m317 aⁿgócibe we camped by m028 m369 m005 m073 m049 ao . m031 We went beyond the place where the director took the clam shell on his back, till we came to a small stream where we encamped. Péje ijéyabe ao. Hao. péje fire m416 ijéyabe they kindled by it m202 m004 m228 m005 m004 m586 m049 ao . m031 hao ¶ m164 They kindled the fire there, … Gagódaⁿ shídozhiⁿga cí wakáⁿdagi gághe akhá ní agú-ayábe ao. gagódaⁿ then, at last m108 shídozhiⁿga young man m443 cí lodge m074 wakáⁿdagi mysterious m005 m524 gághe made m005 m004 m107 akhá he who m024 ní water m346 agú-ayábe went for m011 m005 m010 m004 m142 m004 m592 m049 ao . m031 … and the two young men who had made the small lodge at the first for the war captain, now went for water. Dodáⁿ níkashiⁿga zaní ní k'úbe go, gagó zaní yuzhábe ao. dodáⁿ war m093 níkashiⁿga persons m351 zaní all m629 ní water m346 k'úbe gave to m005 m004 m266 m049 go when m136 gagó then m108 zaní all m629 yuzhábe washed m005 m004 m619 m631 m049 ao . m031 They gave water to all the warriors, who washed. Óⁿhoⁿ ijílabe ao. óⁿhoⁿ kettle m369 m507 m187 ijílabe put on the fire to boil m215 m005 m004 m276 m049 ao . m031 … Júje go, yuzábe ao. júje done m005 m237 go when m136 yuzábe they took it m005 m004 m628 m049 ao . m031 … Wanóⁿblabe ao zaní. wanóⁿblabe they ate a meal m509 m004 m362 m049 ao . m031 zaní all m629 … (Shútaⁿga sátaⁿ ts'eáⁿyabe ao, aⁿyáchabe ao.) shútaⁿga prairie chickens m465 sátaⁿ five m430 ts'eáⁿyabe we killed m004 m506 m005 m028 m586 m049 ao . m031 aⁿyáchabe we ate the food m028 m005 m574 m067 m049 ao . m031 (We killed five prairie chickens.) Aⁿyáshtaⁿbe go, aⁿgágube ao. aⁿyáshtaⁿbe we ceased eating m028 m005 m574 m462 m049 go when m136 aⁿgágube we were returning home m028 m010 m142 m049 ao . m031 We ate the prairie chickens, and then we started homeward. Paháⁿle-gáxli icí che dodáⁿ zaní aⁿgálibe ao. Paháⁿle-Gaxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 icí his lodge m200 m074 che the (ob.) m064 dodáⁿ war m093 zaní all m629 aⁿgálibe we came back to m028 m010 m285 m049 ao . m031 All the warriors came back to the house of Paháⁿle Gáxli. Paháⁿle-gáxli icí chéji aⁿgálibe go, wak'ó itábe óⁿhoⁿ ijílabe go, … Paháⁿle-Gáxli Paháⁿle Gáxli m003 icí his lodge m200 m074 chéji to the m064 m235 aⁿgálibe we came back m028 m010 m285 m049 go when m136 wak'ó woman m528 itábe his m200 m223 m049 óⁿhoⁿ kettle m369 m507 m187 ijílabe put on the fire m215 m005 m004 m276 m049 go when m136 And there his wife put the kettle on the fire, …. … dodáⁿ zaní aⁿmáⁿnoⁿblábe ao. dodáⁿ war m093 zaní all m629 aⁿmáⁿnoⁿblábe we ate a meal m028 m509 m362 m049 ao . m031 … and all of us had a meal. Aⁿmáⁿnoⁿble aⁿyáshtaⁿbe ao. Hao. aⁿmáⁿnoⁿble we ate a meal m028 m509 m362 aⁿyáshtaⁿbe we ate food [we ceased eating] m000 ao . m031 hao ¶ m164 When we finished eating, … Cí chéji aⁿgálabe zaní, wi shké alé ao. cí lodge m074 chéji to the m064 m235 aⁿgálabe we went homeward m028 m010 m275 m049 zaní all m629 wi I m548 shké too m449 alé I went homeward m008 m275 ao . m031 … all went to their homes, and I went to my house. Gashékhaⁿ-hnáⁿ e aó. gashékhaⁿ only so m116 -hnáⁿ e far is it m180 m101 aó . m031 The end. In his extensive pre-translation notes, James Owen Dorsey writes, "[31][2] ts'age-jiñga. This was Wakanda, the father in law of Hosasage. He went for Pahaⁿle-gaqli when the sun was low. [31][3] dudaⁿháⁿga, Pahaⁿle-gaqli, to whom Wakanda said, Hósasage ts'ábe au. Ts'ábe-daⁿ, nánüúⁿba waqúbe hnúzadaⁿ kacúⁿ umíblage atcí eyaú – Hosasage is dead. As he is dead, I have indeed come to tell you to take the sacred pipe" [31][8] jiⁿheyabe. His affinities placed the body in the house, near the door, with the head to the door and the east. A skin tent was set up outside, the house, extending from the front towards the east. Representative men from all the gentes entered the tent and took their stations, as in the figure. fig1.gif When Pahaⁿle-gaqli arrived, he first stood at C. Then the corpse was brought from the house by the affinities of the dead man, and placed at B, with its head to the east. Then Pahaⁿle-gaqli stood at D. He could not touch it, or any other dead body." After mourning for the dead, Pahaⁿle-gaqli said (to him?), I will sit still for four days and smoke the sacred pipe. Then will I wander , and kill any animals that I find." [][][] wagikaⁿbe. Uyúhaci tcedji zani awagikaⁿ eyau. Kayúdjedaⁿ cídu-jiñga dúba aábluze au. Tci míta gaxá jíñga kyéha yegáha tci aⁿyákixe che au, epyé, au. – At the last I condoled with them. Then I took four young men. I said, 'make me a lodge here by the course of the small stream that used to flow by my house (?)"' There names were Gahiamaⁿyiⁿ, of the Ke gens; Itoka-gaqli, of the Hañga-tañga; Tcehawale of the Hañga-tañga; and Tadje-k'uwe, of the Qüya. These were the djexe-k'iⁿ, or kettle-tenders. They had to wait on the warriors. [][][]Kibaqla-hü was chief of the Upaⁿ gens; Cŭⁿmikase was of the Ibatc'e; Jiñga-wasa belonged to the Qüya; and Wats'aji was a Wasabe man. The directors consulted one another, saying, "Let us go on the warpath in four days." Then they addressed Pahaⁿle-gaqli for the first time in their official capacity, "O war captain, let us go on the warpath in four days." Then Pahaⁿle-gaqli announced their decision to all the others present saying, "O comrades! In four days I will go on the warpath." These dudaⁿ wayülaⁿ are called qlets'age, resembling the nudaⁿhañga q¢exe of the Omahas in some respects.. They always decide what is to be done: that is never undertaken by the dudaⁿ hañga. Wakanda gave Pahaⁿle-gaqli a spotted horse, two red blankets, two white do., and a calico shirt, as pay for his services. Pahaⁿle-gaqli divided the two red blankets, a white one, and the calico shirt between the four directors." "Then all returned to their homes. Pahaⁿle-gaqli could not go home for four days. He must fast, wandering about and crying in solitude, having clay on his face. A small lodge was erected near his own house by two of the kettle-tenders, Gahiamaⁿyiⁿ and Tcehawale. At sunset, Itoka-gaqli, brought him water. Then Pahaⁿle-gaqli could wash his face and drink a cupful of the water, but he could eat no food. After sleeping awhile at night, he arose and put the clay on his face again. At sunset on the fourth day, the four directors went to the house of Pahaⁿle-gaqli, and sent the four kettle-tenders to the mourner whom they summoned summon the mourner to his house. Then was he permitted to take food. The next morning he went for the two kettle-tenders who had made the small lodge. Before they arrived, he and his wife had left the house. He ordered them to invite the guests to his lodge. The messengers went in different directions. A lodge was set up near the house of Pahaⁿle-gaqli, and here the guests assembled. Only two gentes met as such, the two Hañga gentes, but there were present some members of other gentes the directors and kettle-tenders, some of whom were members of other gentes." The following figure shows the places of the Hañga men in the lodge. fig2.gif Only three men were allowed to sing the sacred songs: Aliⁿkawahu, Gahiⁿge-wadayiñga (died in 1883), and Pahaⁿle-gaqli." Tade-k'uwe was sent by Pahaⁿle-gaqli for the sacred clam shell. Íⁿhe-cabe tañga waská tañga eyuⁿba, blüze tá-miñke ao. Waqúbe páxe tá-miñke au. Yüzé máⁿyiⁿ-au, guda tce. Ayíⁿ alí-badaⁿ, yégo kitceyabe au. - I will take the large covering and the large bowl. I will perform a sacred ceremony. Go for them. When he came back with them he laid them down here." This clam shell and its coverings were at Pahaⁿle-gaqli's house, beyond the person addressed (guda tce). The clam shell had been brought from the "great water"at the east, by the ancestors of the Kansas. All the sacred objects of the tribe, the sacred pipe, sundry roots used as medicines, etc. were brought from the shore of "the great water at the east." The shell was opened, and made like the face of a man, having eyes, teeth, etc. The following sketch of it was made by its keeper, Pahaⁿle-gaqli. fig3.gif When the sacred pipe is smoked by a Hañga-tañga or Ibatce (Hañga-jiñga) man, he must hold the pipe in his right hand, blowing the smoke into the clam shell, which is held in his left hand. The smoke is supposed to ascend from the shell to the thunder-god, to whom it is pleasant. There were five envelopes for the shell, and all of these constituted the Iⁿhe –cabe." They were as follows: 1. The inmost one was the bladder of a buffalo bull. 2. The spotted fur of a fawn. 3. Sa gazandje, watting made of the tall grass or sa. 4. A broad piece of deerskin. 5. Tceduⁿga myeqliⁿ gazandje, Interwoven hair from the head of the buffalo bull. Similar envelopes were kept around the war pipe. The war pipe was kept by Pahaⁿle-wak'ü (deid in 1883), son of Aliⁿkawahu. It is made of red pipe-stone (iⁿyiⁿ), and is called iⁿ-jüdje nanuŭⁿba or nanuŭⁿba jüdje. The stem forms part of the stone, being just long enough to be put between the lips. The stone is about as thick as two hands. On each side of the pipe is an eye, that it may see the enemies. The opening of the bundle containing it is regulated by Aliⁿkawahu. A sketch of it is appended, showing its appearance on top. fig4.gif A The bowl. B The tube hollowed out through the stone, connecting the mouth-piece (C) with the bowl." Aliⁿkawahu … wayuⁿbe au. The following chart used by these singers on this occasion was drawn by Pahaⁿle-gaqli, who copied it from one in his possession that had been inherited from his paternal grandfather. Formerly there were many other pictographs on it. The Osages have a similar chart; and Kiwaq¢ici told the author that there were about a hundred pictographs on it. In the middle of this chart there should be a representation of fire, according to Pahaⁿle-gaqli, who said that he was afraid to draw it there. The songs used in connection with this chart are very sacred. They are never sung on common occasions, or in a profane manner, lest the offender should be struck by the thunder-being. fig6.gif [Elsewere Dorsey writes, "I do not wish this used in any publication. J. Owen Dorsey." –jtm] Fig. 1. is the sacred pipe, waqube wakandagi. Three songs are about it. This occurs when the envelopes are taken from the pipe by Aliⁿkawahu. One of these songs is as follows: Ha-há! Tce-ga-nú ha-há! Ha-há! Tce-ga-nú ha-há! Ha-há! Tce-ga-nú ha-há! Hü-hü! (Said when the envelopes are pressed down on.)" Yu! Yu! Yu! Hü-hü! Hü-hü! (Sung by all the Hañga-tañ and Ibatce men.) This last is an invocation of the thunder-god. The arms are held up to the sky, with the palms out, the arms being apart, and parallel. Each arm is rubbed from the wrist to the shoulder by the other hand. After the singing of these songs, Pahaⁿle-gaqli is made to carry the clamshell on his back. Fig. 2. Ts'age-jiñga wayŭⁿ, Songs of an old man, i. e., of the venerable man or Wakanda, a deity who was the singer of all the songs of the Hañga. He made the songs, and when Aliⁿkawahu and Pahaⁿle-gaqli are singing them, they suppose that he walks behind them, holding up his hands to the thunder-god in prayer for them. On the special occasion referred to in this paper, the expedition after the death of Hosasage, when these two songs were sung, Pahaⁿle-gaqli shifted the shell from his own back to that of Jiñga-Wasa, one of the directors. He then ordered Taye to put the Iⁿhe-cabe on his back." Fig. 3. Ts'age-jiñga wayuⁿ, Song of another old man, who holds a cane. It is this Wakanda who gives success to the hunters. He is thus addressed: Ts'age-jiñga haú! Dáble máⁿyiⁿ—aú! Dádaⁿ wadjüta níkaciñga ckédaⁿ wáyakípa-bádaⁿ, ts'éya-bánahaú!—Venerable man! Go hunting! Kill whatever persons or animals you may meet." They think this being drives the game towards the hunters. Fig. 4. Tadje wayŭⁿ, Wind songs. These are two. The Winds are Bazaⁿta, the east wind; Ak'a, the South wind; Ak'a-jiñga, the West wind, and Hnita, the North wind. In former days, warriors used to remove the hearts of slain foes, putting them in the fire as a sacrifice to the four winds. Fig. 5. Mikak'e-tañnga wayuⁿ, Songs of the large star (Venus). This star is a Wakanda or deity. It has two songs." Fig. 6. Jaⁿ-miⁿdje wayŭⁿ, Bow songs. This is the bow of a Wakanda (probably of the old man who aids the hunters). Fig. 7. Dádaⁿ Wakáⁿ k'übe skaⁿ, They give things to the Wakanda. The sign for this song is a hand of which four fingers are seen. As this is sung some gift is thrown down and left as an offering to the Wakanda. But offerings are also made to every deity, to the deity or deities above, those under the hills, the winds, thunder, Venus, etc. As Aliⁿkawahu and Pahaⁿle-gaqli are Yata people (Those camping on the Left side of the tribal circle), they elevate the left hands, and begin at the left with the East wind, then they turn to the South wind, then to the West wind, and finally, to the North wind, saying to each, "Gátce, Wakanda, mik'ü eyaú: That I give, indeed, to you Wakanda." In former days, they used to pierce themselves with knives or splinters of wood, and offer small pieces of their flesh to the deities." Fig. 8. Taqtci wayuⁿ, Four Deer songs. Fig. 9. Upaⁿ wayuⁿ, An Elk song. Fig. 10. Ts'age-jiñga wayuⁿ, Seven songs of the old man or Wakanda who makes night songs. Fig. 11. Iⁿ-tañga wayuⁿ, Five songs of the Big Rock. This is a rough, red rock near Topeka, Kas. The rock has a hard body, like that of Wakanda. "May you walk like it!" Fig. 12, Cuⁿmikase wayuⁿ, Four Wolf songs. The wolf howls at night. Fig. 13. Miuⁿba wayuⁿ, Five Moon songs. Fig. 14. K'axe wayuⁿ, Four Crow songs. The crow flies around a dead body that it wishes to eat. Fig. 15. Tcehiⁿ wayuⁿ, Two songs of the yarn belt. This kind of belt was used by the old men over their buffalo robes. Fig. 16. Ts'age-jiñga wayuⁿ, Song of an old man or Wakanda. Fig. 17. Miyótaⁿ-daⁿ wayuⁿ, Three Noon songs. Fig. 18. Kedaxe wayuⁿ, Two shade songs. The shade is made by a Wakanda. Fig. 19. Jaⁿ-huⁿble wayuⁿ, A Dream song. There is a Wakanda who makes people sleepy. Fig. 20. Iⁿ jiñga wayuⁿ, Song of the Small Rock. (See No. 11) Fig. 21. Ibaqleqle wayuⁿ or Idje-qleqle wayuⁿ, Three songs of a tribe of Indians who resembled the Witchitâs. The Kansas used to fight them. The two locks of plaited hair are not symbolic. Their faces are marked as thus: fig5.gif Fig. 22. Miuⁿba húka-jiñga wayuⁿ, Two songs of the Young Moon. Fig. 23. Tceduñga wayuⁿ, Ten songs of the buffalo bull. Fig. 24. Uju wayuⁿ, Planting songs. Fig. 25. Níndje wayuⁿ, Cooking songs. The old man takes water in the kettle for boiling the corn and for drinking. Fig. 26. Jáⁿ-iⁿmáⁿyiⁿ, Two Stilt-walking songs. The Kansas used to walk on stilts when they forded shallow streams. Fig. 27. Wapúⁿga wayúⁿ, Three Owl songs. The owl hoots at night. haciqtci, pronounced ha+ciqtci by the narrator. k'iⁿkiyabe au. The dudaⁿ hañga made one of the qlets'age carry the sacred bag before the ceremony of wáqpele gáxe" was performed. Nixúdje-yiñge said that there were six djexek'iⁿ, instead of four. When the the sacred bag was carried by the qlets'age, two of the djexek'iⁿ carried, each, a bundle of sticks, which they had laid down on the road, with one end of each bundle pointing towards the land of the enemy. Four of the djexek'iⁿ remained still. The next morning, the warriors proceeded to the place. They drew a circle around the bundles, and set up one stick within, which they attacked, as if it were a Pani. This might cause, in their opinion, the death of real foes. Members of the Lu, or Thunder gens, could not take part in this, but were obliged to keep in the rear. The following prayers were said during the waqpele gaxe: Turning to the east, "Aⁿmáⁿpye kúⁿbla eyaú. Haská omíblagè au, Wákaⁿda-e!-I wish to pass along the road (to the foe?). I promise you a blanket if I succeed, O Wakanda (if I succeed)." The following was said, facing the west: 'Uⁿhuⁿ umíblage au, Wakanda-e!-I promise you a boiling (feast), O Wakanda! (if I succeed).'" Third text entered, March 2006. -jtm